ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormal laboratory and physical findings, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state, and prothrombotic state that results in a patient having significantly higher risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. There are slight differences between institutions in defining metabolic syndrome across the world. To achieve adequate management and treatment and decrease the risk of subsequent diseases, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
Aim: In this review, we aimed to study the pathophysiology behind the development of metabolic syndrome, and also to explore the approach to its management
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: metabolic syndrome, pro-thrombotic state, pro-inflammatory state, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular mortality
Results: The major aspects of treatment include weight reduction by diet, medication, as well as bariatric surgery [in some cases], and managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with diet and medication
Conclusion: The most important intervention in managing patients with metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification with improved diet and exercise. To achieve adequate treatment and decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
ABSTRACT
Background: headaches account for 10% of all consultations with the general practitioner, and the third leading cause of emergency department visits. The current prevalence of headache can go from 7.4% to 22.7% and may be associated with much comorbidity, and can cause significant disabilities in an individual's quality of life
Methodology: in this paper we carried out a systematic review on 32 observational [nonrandomized] studies using PUBMED
Aim: our aim in the study is to evaluate the prevalence, associated risk factors, pathogenesis, management, and the effect on quality of life caused due to chronic headaches
Conclusion: chronic headache adds to a huge burden in overall health care system, and a very frequent general practice visit. Treatment of this type of headache is very challenging due to its chronicity as well as its risk of conversion into medication onset headache. More researches that can promise better quality of life for individuals that suffer from chronic daily headache must be done